Hemolytic-uremic syndrome - an acute pathological condition characterized by the simultaneous development of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and azotemia. Hemolytic uremic syndrome can manifest bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, pallor and ikterichnost skin and sclera, pasty face, petechiae on the skin, anuria, CNS, liver, pancreas and heart. The diagnosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome is based on characteristic clinical signs, general and biochemical analysis of blood and urine, coagulation, bacterial inoculation test feces. Treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome includes pathogenetic, symptomatic and replacement therapy.
Hemolytic anemia - a pathology of red blood cells, the hallmark of which is the rapid destruction of red blood cells to release increased amounts of indirect bilirubin. For hemolytic anemia typically a combination of anemia, jaundice and an enlarged spleen size. In the process of diagnostics is investigated blood count, bilirubin, analysis of feces and urine, ultrasound of the abdomen; performed a bone marrow biopsy, immunological studies. As treatments of hemolytic anemia drug use, blood transfusion therapy; with hypersplenism is a splenectomy.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus - fetal immunological conflict, due to the incompatibility of the blood of the fetus and mother for a number of antigens, resulting in hemolysis of erythrocytes of the child under the influence of maternal antibodies emerging from the placental barrier. Hemolytic disease of the fetus may occur in edematous, jaundiced, anemic form and even lead to fetal death. The diagnosis is carried out a study of amniotic fluid (amniocentesis), cord blood hemoglobin and bilirubin in the newborn. Treatment of hemolytic disease of the fetus requires phototherapy, intravenous infusion solutions, exchange transfusion.
Hemopericardium - bleeding into the pericardial cavity, due to damage to the heart or blood vessels traumatic, neoplastic, or idiopathic origin. Hemopericardium manifested symptoms develop cardiac tamponade: pain in the chest, weakness and sweating, fear of death, cyanosis, swelling of the neck veins, hypotension, decreased cardiac activity. Hemopericardium Diagnosis is based on the analysis of chest X-ray data, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, pericardiocentesis. hemopericardium treatment in the event of cardiac injury is urgent and prompt intervention to stop bleeding; in the development of cardiac tamponade - to conduct pericardiocentesis or surgical drainage.
Haemoperitoneum - intra-abdominal bleeding, resulting in a free outpouring of blood in the abdominal cavity. Clinically haemoperitoneum show signs of hemorrhagic shock: fainting (or motor excitation), pale skin and mucous membranes, dizziness, cold sweat, darkening of the eyes, tachycardia, hypotension, and local symptoms - a sharp pain in his stomach. Haemoperitoneum Diagnosis is based on anamnesis, clinical picture, the study of hemoglobin and hematocrit, ultrasound and CT of the abdomen, peritoneal lavage, diagnostic laparoscopy. In identifying haemoperitoneum shows emergency laparotomy, revision of the abdominal cavity and stop the bleeding.
Gemopnevmotoraks - the simultaneous presence of pleural effusion, hemorrhagic and free gas. Gemopnevmotoraks seen as a sign of bleeding (pale skin, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure) and symptoms of respiratory distress (shallow rapid breathing, cyanosis, chest pain and so forth.). In order to identify gemopnevmotoraksa carried out X-ray of the lungs and pleural puncture. Treatment can be either conventionally conservative (thoracostomy) and active surgery (thoracoscopy or thoracotomy with the liquidation gemopnevmotoraksa).
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn - a pathology that occurs when deficiency of coagulation factors in the background of endogenous or exogenous vitamin K deficiency is manifested by vomiting with blood, bloody tarry stools, skin hemorrhages, bruises and internal bleeding. Rarely is accompanied by hemorrhagic shock, development of jaundice and the formation of erosions of the mucous membranes gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis is based on the determination of the number of platelets, coagulation studies conducted ultrasound and neurosonography. Treatment involves replacement therapy with synthetic analogues of vitamin K, stop internal bleeding and hypovolemia correction.
Marburg haemorrhagic fever - an acute infectious disease caused by RNA-containing filoviruses (Marburg virus), occurring with heavy kapillyarotoksikoz and high mortality. The symptoms of Marburg hemorrhagic fever include high fever, severe intoxication, severe diarrhea and vomiting, skin hemorrhages, internal bleeding, liver, heart, kidneys, central nervous system. When the diagnosis takes into account the epidemiological and clinical data, laboratory (virology, serology, electron microscopy) studies. Patients with Marburg hemorrhagic fever are subject to hospitalization and isolation; treatment is mainly symptomatic; Interferon is sometimes effective, the introduction of convalescent plasma.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome - zoonotic hantavirus infection characterized trombogemorragicheskih syndrome and primary renal disease. Clinical manifestations include acute fever, hemorrhagic rash, hemorrhage, interstitial nephritis, in severe cases - acute renal failure. Specific laboratory methods for diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome belong to the FTA, ELISA, RIA, PCR. Treatment consists in the introduction of specific immunoglobulin, interferon preparations, conducting detoxification and symptomatic therapy, hemodialysis.
Hemorrhagic Pneumonia - an inflammation of the lung tissue, occurring with the large number of red blood cells in the alveolar exudate and bronchial secretions. Hemorrhagic Pneumonia often is fulminant course, accompanied by respiratory failure, hemoptysis, pulmonary edema, DIC, multiple organ failure. Diagnosis is based on radiological and bronchoscopy data, as well as hemorrhagic pneumonia due to the underlying disease. When hemorrhagic pneumonia intensive therapy, appointed antiviral /antibacterial drugs, human immunoglobulin, oxygen and so forth.
Haemorrhagic diathesis - the common name of a number of hematological syndromes developing in violation of a hemostasis (platelet, vascular, plasma). Common to all of hemorrhagic diathesis, regardless of their origin, are increased bleeding syndrome (recurrent, prolonged, intense bleeding, hemorrhages of different locations) and posthemorrhagic anemic syndrome. Determination of clinical forms and causes hemorrhagic diathesis possible after a comprehensive examination of the hemostatic system - laboratory tests and functional tests. Treatment includes hemostatic, blood transfusion therapy, local hemostasis.
Haemorrhagic fever - a viral infection with natural focal proliferation occurring with haemorrhagic and acute febrile syndrome. Symptoms of hemorrhagic fever include severe intoxication, high fever, hemorrhagic rash, bleeding of various localization, multiple organ disorders. The form of hemorrhagic fever is determined by taking into account the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data (PCR, ELISA, IFA). Haemorrhagic fever is carried out detoxification, antiviral, hemostatic therapy, the introduction of specific immunoglobulins, the fight against complications.
Hemorrhagic vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein's disease, allergic purpura, kapillyarotoksikoz) - aseptic inflammation systemic microvascular with a primary lesion of the skin, joints, gastrointestinal and renal glomeruli. Diagnosis of hemorrhagic vasculitis is based on clinical symptoms, laboratory data (blood test, urine, coagulation), the study of the digestive tract and kidney organs. The mainstay of treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis is an anticoagulant (heparin) therapy. In severe cases, extracorporeal applied hemocorrection, glucocorticoid therapy, anti-inflammatory and cytostatic treatment.
Hemorrhagic gastritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, accompanied by the formation of erosions and bleeding. It polietiologic disease that can be acute or chronic. Patients complain of a dull pain in the epigastric region associated with eating, dyspepsia; in case of acute bleeding gastric bleeding symptoms develop, vomiting in the form of "coffee grounds" and tarry stools. Treatment includes diet, the use of drugs to reduce the acidity and restore the mucous, hemostatic therapy. Sometimes surgery is required.
Hemorrhagic stroke - spontaneous (nontraumatic) hemorrhage in the cranial cavity. The term "hemorrhagic stroke" is generally used to refer to intracerebral hemorrhage, which occurred as a result of a brain vascular diseases: atherosclerosis, hypertension, and amyloid angiopathy. The most common hemorrhagic stroke occurs against a background of high blood pressure. The clinical picture is characterized by acute onset and rapid development of symptoms that are directly dependent on the localization of vascular catastrophe. Hemorrhagic stroke requires emergency hemostatic, and antiedematous Antihypertensive therapy. Under indications of surgical treatment.
Hemorrhagic pancreatitis - very severe lesions of the pancreas characterized by the rapid destruction of the parenchyma and the blood vessel body's own enzymes whereby necrosis occurs, bleeding and peritonitis. The main symptoms of the disease are intense pain and toxemia; the condition of patients is critical. Diagnosis is based on the definition of a significant increase in the activity of enzymes, ultrasound signs of damage to the pancreas and data diagnostic laparoscopy or laparotomy. Held antifermental, detoxification therapy, pain management, after failure - surgical treatment.
Hemorrhoidal bleeding is a pathological condition associated with the expiration of blood from hemorrhoids rectum. The pathology manifests periodic discharge of blood from the anus, arising under the influence of provoking factors. For the diagnosis of hemorrhoidal bleeding using an external examination, digital rectal examination, sigmoidoscopy, barium enema radiography of the abdominal organs, blood count, biochemical blood. For the treatment of bleeding hemorrhoids applied conservative methods, minimally invasive and radical surgery.
Hemorrhoids - a disease characterized by a change in varicose veins of the anus and rectum to form hemorrhoids. Symptomatic seen burning sensation, heaviness, itching in the anus, bleeding red blood of the nodes. It may be complicated by loss, infringement and thrombosis of hemorrhoids. Inflammation leads to the emergence of nodes of rectal fistula and abscess. Long hemorrhoidal bleeding leading to anemia.
Hemosiderosis - a disease of the group of pigmentary dystrophies characterized by excessive accumulation of iron-containing hemosiderin pigment in the tissues of the body. Local forms distinguish disease (cutaneous and pulmonary hemosiderosis) and general (hemosiderin deposition in liver cells, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, salivary and sweat glands). Hemosiderosis Diagnosis is based on the determination of iron content in the blood plasma, total iron-binding capacity of the blood, as well as the pigment content in biopsy tissues and organs. Depending on the clinical treatment of hemosiderosis includes medication (glucocorticoids, cytostatics, angioprotectors, vitamin C), in some cases, plasmapheresis, topical PUVA-treatment.
Hemosiderosis Lung - lung damage caused by the massive intake of red blood cells in the lung tissue to deposition of iron-containing pigment in it hemosiderin. The disease is accompanied by crises, during which there is a cough, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, fever, tachycardia, respiratory failure, pulmonary hemorrhage and anemia. hemosiderosis The diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray light, smear, general and biochemical analysis of blood, spirography, lung biopsy. In light gemosideroze applied corticosteroids and symptomatic drugs, splenectomy is performed, if necessary.
Hemothorax - intrapleural bleeding, leading to accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity, which is accompanied by compression of the lung and mediastinal shift bodies in the opposite direction. When hemothorax noted chest pain, difficulty breathing, develop signs of acute blood loss (dizziness, pallor, tachycardia, hypotension, cold clammy sweat, fainting). Hemothorax diagnosis based on physical findings, results of X-ray and chest X-ray, CT scan, diagnostic pleural puncture. gemotraksa Treatment includes hemostatic, antibacterial, symptomatic therapy; aspirate the accumulated blood (puncture, drainage of pleural cavity), if necessary - open or VATS removal of coagulated hemothorax, stop the bleeding continued.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis - a group of congenital and acquired diseases resulting from violations of the regulation of the immune response and are characterized by overproduction of histiocytes, as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Clinical symptoms manifested febrile fever, enlarged liver and spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, damage to the nervous system, bone marrow and other organs. Diagnosis is based on clinical, laboratory (cytopenia, coagulopathy, dyslipidemia, bilirubinemia et al.) And instrumental examination. Treatment: immunosuppressive therapy, corticosteroids, impact on the causative factors.
Hemophilia - a hereditary pathology of the hemostasis system, which is based on the reduction or violation synthesis of VIII, IX or XI as blood clotting factors. A specific manifestation of hemophilia is the propensity of the patient to a variety of bleeding:. Hemarthrosis, intramuscular and retroperitoneal hematoma, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, prolonged bleeding during surgeries and injuries, etc. The diagnosis of hemophilia is paramount genetic counseling, determining the level of activity of clotting factors, DNA study coagulation analysis. Hemophilia Treatment involves a substitution therapy: transfusion gemokontsentratov with coagulation factors VIII and the IX, fresh frozen plasma, antihemophilic globulin, etc.
Hemophthalmus - a disease of the body of polietiologic, which develops due to rupture of blood vessels and bleeding in the vitreous body. Clinically manifested by the presence of the shadows, "mist", a floating cloud of black or red color vision, decreased visual acuity and development photopsias. For the diagnosis of conduct recommended by ophthalmoscopy, visometry, biomicroscopy, tonometry, ultrasound. Tactics of treatment depends on the lesion volume. Partial hemophthalmus treatment is not indicated. Subtotal hemorrhage require laser treatment and drug therapy, total - vitrgemektomii.
Hemochromatosis liver - an autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by an increased absorption and deposition of iron in the liver and other parenchymal organs. The clinic liver hemochromatosis prevails triad signs of cirrhosis, skin hyperpigmentation, endocrine disorders. Diagnosis is based on the study of family history, detection of iron metabolism disorders, liver MRI followed by biopsy, to identify homozygous carriers of the hemochromatosis gene. Specific treatment of hepatic hemochromatosis comprises administering drugs that bring the excess iron from the body, efferent methods - bloodletting, cytapheresis. The disease is incurable.
Hemochromatosis - polysystemic hereditary disease, with the active absorption of iron in the gastrointestinal tract and its subsequent accumulation in internal organs (heart, pancreas, liver, joints and pituitary gland). hemochromatosis Clinic is characterized by a bronze pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes, the development of cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, arthralgia, sexual dysfunction and so on. d. diagnosis of hemochromatosis is confirmed by the determination of increased excretion of iron in the urine, high iron content in the blood serum and liver biopsy specimens, and by X-ray, ultrasound, MRI of the internal organs. Treatment of patients with hemochromatosis is based on a diet, administration of deferoxamine, conducting bloodletting, plasmapheresis, hemosorption, symptomatic therapy. If you want to solve the issue of Liver Transplantation, and arthroplasty.
Hemochromatosis heart (siderokardioz, pigment infarction) - heart failure due to congenital disorders of iron metabolism and its uncontrolled absorption in the intestines, excess serum and deposition in the myocardium. Hemochromatosis is manifested heart arrhythmias, circulatory failure, hypotension; accompanied by the pigmentation of the skin, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus. The diagnosis of cardiac hemochromatosis confirmed by the data of laboratory studies of iron metabolism, ECG, MRI and CT. If hemochromatosis Heart shown the diet, blood-letting, and plasmapheresis hemosorbtion, heart and hormones; complications - liver transplantation, total joint replacement.
Generalized epilepsy - clinical concept that combines all forms of epilepsy that are based on primary generalized epipristupy: absence seizures, generalized myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures. In most cases it is idiopathic in nature. diagnosis is based on an analysis of the clinical data and EEG results. Additionally performed MRI or CT of the brain. Treatment of generalized epilepsy is anticonvulsant monotherapy (volproatami, topiramate, lamotrigine, etc.), In rare cases, a combination therapy.
Generalized anxiety disorder - a mental disorder, the main symptom is persistent anxiety not associated with specific objects or situations. It is accompanied by nervousness, restlessness, muscle tension, sweating, dizziness, inability to relax and constant but vague forebodings of misfortune that can happen to by the patient or his relatives. Typically occurs in cases of chronic stress. Diagnosis is based on history, patient complaints, and these additional studies. Treatment - psychotherapy, drug therapy.
Generalized periodontitis - a common, destructive inflammatory process which affects the whole complex of periodontal tissues. Generalized periodontitis occurs with bleeding and swelling of the gums, pain, bad breath, the presence of dental plaque, the formation of periodontal pockets, mobility and dislocation of teeth. Diagnosis of generalized periodontitis conducted periodontist, physician via inspection of the oral cavity, the definition of the index of hygiene and periodontal index orthopantomography, biopsy tissue gums. Treatment of generalized periodontitis involves local conservative and surgical treatment; general anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory therapy.