Cyst of the gallbladder - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Cyst of the gallbladder - Non-inflammatory disease etiology, which is based on the accumulation of mucus in the gallbladder due to violation of the outflow of its contents. The main reasons - obstruction of the biliary tract calculi, narrowing of the lumen of the cystic duct scar strictures, tumors, congenital malformations. For small cysts are no complaints, when the formation of considerable size of the patient concerned about pain in the right upper quadrant, dyspeptic symptoms are possible. To verify the diagnosis carried ultrasound, MRI of the abdomen, X-ray examination. Treatment in most cases surgery.
Cyst of the gallbladder
dropsy of the gall bladder) is a secondary pathological process in which accumulates in the bladder mucous-exudative fluid with no signs of bacterial inflammation. Sometimes the disease is preceded by an attack of gallstones, calculus migration into the lumen of the cystic duct. Danger gallbladder cysts is that very often it is formed over a long time causes a gradual increase in tension and bubble size, but without symptoms occurs. Thinning of the wall of the gallbladder may lead to its rupture with peritonitis. At the same time, on time taken by surgery (removal of the gallbladder) promotes full recovery.
Gastroenterology suggest that the decisive role in the formation of the cyst of the gallbladder belongs to a violation of the passage of bile, however, of great importance is given and previous inflammation, contrary to normal mucosa and duct system.
The mechanism of the accumulation of mucus in the gallbladder contents next. As a result of a specific etiologic factor in the first bladder bile accumulates. Under conditions of prolonged absence of draining it gradually absorbed bladder epithelium, whose cells then begin to produce abundant mucus. The bubble grows in size, its walls become thin. But dense serous membrane does not change its structure, so the gallbladder elongates slightly bent, then expanded in the area of the bottom. With long-term existence of the cyst of the gallbladder wall it gradually becomes thicker and mucous - a loose, with dense folds.
biliary colic. With a slight increase in gallbladder patient may not experience significant discomfort. For large size cysts characteristic features are the right upper quadrant pain, radiating to the back or the right shoulder blade. Usually the pain is dull and aching in nature, may be increased by a change in body position. A large cyst of the gallbladder may be palpable below the edge of the right costal arch.
If untreated, the cyst of the gallbladder may lead to a significant thinning of its walls, forming in them, and the ingress of micro contents into the abdominal cavity. The most severe complication is the gallbladder cyst rupture, in which possible excessive bleeding and peritonitis.
gastroenterologist suggests the disease, in the event of a significant increase in bladder physician can palpate it through the anterior abdominal wall. The results of laboratory analyzes in this pathology in most cases, are not changed.
The main role in the diagnosis of a cyst of the gallbladder belongs instrumental techniques. Abdominal ultrasound to evaluate the size of the cyst, the state of the gallbladder wall, visualize calculi. During the survey abdominal radiography revealed rounded shadow gall bladder calculi roentgenopaque. When the retrograde cholangiopancreatography the gallbladder is not contrasted in filling duct system.
For detailed assessment of the state of the gallbladder, its wall, identifying the causes of the formation of cysts can be carried out magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen, CT biliary tract. The implementation of these methods of examination is determined by an enlarged gallbladder, the heterogeneity of its contents can be found directly concretions in the bladder or biliary tract, scar stricture, tumor compressing the cystic duct.
A highly informative method of detecting the cyst of the gallbladder - a diagnostic laparoscopy. Endoscopist during the procedure sees the gallbladder, the rate of change of its walls, through which shines whitish contents. During laparoscopy can be carried out immediately cholecystectomy.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gallbladder removal is possible from mini-access or by open cholecystectomy (currently such surgery is rarely used, mainly in the presence of complications). When you remove a cyst of the gallbladder necessarily performed bacteriological examination of its content, but in most cases there is no bacterial inflammation.
With timely diagnosis and effective treatment, the prognosis of the cyst of the gallbladder favorable. Asymptomatic disease can lead to a significant thinning of the walls of the bladder, its rupture and peritonitis, so if any complaints of pain in the right upper quadrant or dyspeptic symptoms have to be consulted a gastroenterologist and a corresponding examination.
Specific prevention cyst of the gallbladder does not exist. An important role is played by a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, early treatment of gallstone disease, as well as regular monitoring by a specialist with cholelithiasis and other diseases of the biliary tract.