Occupational eczema - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Occupational eczema - A chronic indolent inflammatory skin disease that develop in the course of professional activity in connection with exposure to irritating substances. Often it arises against allergic dermatitis. It is characterized by redness of the skin, formation of vesicles and papules, weeping and itching. In the diagnosis of occupational eczema primary importance is the definition of the disease provoking factors by interviewing patients and conducting allergy tests. Treatment is carried out antihistamines, sedatives, glucocorticoid drugs, local antipruritic and astringent. Widely used physiotherapy, laser therapy and cryotherapy to the affected skin.
Occupational eczema
eczema sick workers chemical, pharmaceutical and engineering industries, as well as hospitals. The disease develops as a result of allergic sensitization at constant exposure to harmful occupational factors. And monovalent sensitization character at the beginning of the disease is gradually transformed into a multivalent, leading to the emergence of an allergic reaction to a variety of exogenous influences.
The factors causing the development of professional eczema include: chromium and nickel salts, some dyes, cement, turpentine, formaldehyde, epoxy synthetic resin, bakelite adhesive and other chemicals. The emergence of occupational eczema promotes moist or dry air of the room, the effect on the skin of dust, frequent injuries of the skin.
Sensitization to the harmful effects of the most susceptible people with diseases of the liver and the gastrointestinal tract (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease), endocrine disorders (diabetes, endocrine obesity), autonomic dysfunction (vascular dystonia), nesanirovannymi foci of chronic infection ( chronic tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, periodontitis), allergic diseases (hay fever, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma).
allergic contact dermatitis. It is characterized by prolonged chronic course, which allocates periods of exacerbation and remission. Remission occurs in conditions of termination of the impact of harmful factors in the patient's transition to other work or on vacation. Aggravation of occupational eczema is observed with repeated exposure to the disease provoking factors.
The clinical picture of occupational eczema is similar to the real manifestations of eczema. Aggravation begins with redness and swelling of the skin, which then appear papules and vesicles. The process is characterized by severe itching. Opening of bubbles accompanied by the formation of small erosions and weeping. At the beginning of the professional eczema, inflammatory skin changes occur only in areas directly in contact with the precipitating factor. Repeated exacerbations of the process involved and other areas of the skin.
With the passage of time takes place in the lesions of the skin seal with increased skin pattern and the appearance of inflammatory cyanotic color. There flaking and dry skin, cracks therein. The patient is worried about burning and intense itching. Connection of infection with the development of streptococcal impetigo or pyoderma.
dermoscopy and allergy tests. For detection of the disease because of their work and identify possible factors provoking his dermatologist conducts a thorough survey of the patient. Next, the study of allergy to substances acting on the patient in the course of his professional activity. It allows you to determine which factors are allergens.
Identification of foci of chronic infection and related diseases eczema may require consulting a gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, otolaryngologist and dentist examination, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, a gastroscopy and other surveys.
dermatology, eczema, occupational therapy is a difficult task. Unlike atopic dermatitis symptoms of occupational eczema persist in addressing their provoking factor. This is due to the nature of multivalent sensitization and requires adequate complex therapy.
In the treatment of occupational eczema used steroids: prednisolone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, corticotropin. Antihistamines (mebhydrolin, diphenhydramine, promethazine) is indicated for the reduction sensitization and itching. A good effect in terms of desensitization have methods of extracorporeal blood correction. It recommended vitamin therapy, in patients with severe itching - sedatives.
Locally in the acute period of occupational eczema designate drilling fluids, 0.1% solution of copper sulfate, 1% solution of tannin, 025% solution of silver nitrate, 0.1% solution of zinc sulphate. Zudouspokaivayuschim action has a 1% solution of citric acid, 1% solution of menthol ointment or a paste with diphenhydramine. After calming down of the acute period of use indifferent ointment and paste with the addition of ihtiola, Naftalan, sulfur or salicylic acid.
From physical therapy techniques in professional eczema using diadynamic therapy, electric, ultrasound, phonophoresis, microwave therapy, inductothermy, mud and therapeutic baths with a solution of tannin, eucalyptus, oak bark, radon baths. Used cryotherapy and laser treatment of eczema.