Exudative-catarrhal diathesis - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Exudative-catarrhal diathesis - Constitution of the anomaly, characterized by a tendency to infiltrative desquamative skin changes, lymphoproliferation, deficiency of the immune response and the lability of water-salt metabolism. Children have noted the appearance of various elements of the skin (erythema, gneiss, strofulyus et al.), The nature of which is pseudoallergic. It is also characterized by excess weight, high exposure to SARS, frequent inflammation of the mucous membranes (conjunctivitis, rhinitis, blepharitis). Diagnosis is based on a carefully assembled a history, clinical manifestations and the results of analyzes. complex, treatment involves desensitizing agents, zinc ointment and other drugs, a large role for non-pharmacological treatment.
Exudative-catarrhal diathesis
diathesis is not a disease, but a genetic predisposition to abnormal reactions to the habitual environment, in particular food. The varying degrees of symptoms have been reported in 40-60% of children. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the incidence of diathesis. Experts believe that this is in no small part due to the cumulative prevalence, but also plays a role change eating habits in comparison to previous generations. Therefore, exudative-catarrhal diathesis continues to be a hot topic for pediatric research. In addition, the diathesis may mutate into eczema and asthma - chronic diseases that require ongoing monitoring and treatment.
toxicosis and gestosis, fetal hypoxia and toxic effects (antibiotics, etc.). Exudative-catarrhal diathesis are more likely to develop in mothers with a family history of allergic reactions and diseases, as well as the cases of the anomalies of the constitution in previous generations, or other children. Thus, it is proven genetic predisposition. A role played by error in the mother's diet during pregnancy - use of a large amount of sweet food, chocolate, eggs, and other allergenic foods.
Irrational diet also increases the child's risk of developing exudative-catarrhal diathesis. This may be overfeeding, early introduction of complementary foods, lack of time breast feeding or irrational use of artificial mixtures. Often ill children are more likely to develop diathesis. Another predisposing factor is intestinal dysbiosis in children. The pathogenesis of exudative-catarrhal diathesis reduced to unusual reactions to ordinary stimuli for him, and the type of response and the pathological, then there are irregularities in parts of the immune response.
seborrhea of the scalp in children under one year. Most diaper rash are formed in the natural folds in compliance with the rules of care. There have been a variety of skin rashes. In the youngest patients are usually observed erythema and redness of the cheeks of the skin followed by peeling ( "cradle cap"), in older children - itchy rash melkouzelkovaya (strofulyus).
For exudative-catarrhal diathesis characteristic lability of water-salt metabolism. On the one hand, liquid retained in the body, with another - possibly dehydration expressed in a short time. The reason for dehydration may be a violation of the chair, often encountered in this constitution anomaly. Also in the clinical picture occurs lymphoproliferative syndrome. He usually diagnosed in children older than one year and is shown enlarged lymph nodes, sometimes - hepatomegaly. Characterized by frequent and prolonged SARS, joining bacterial complications. In addition, there is a frequent infection of skin lesions due to scratching.
Exudative-catarrhal diathesis in children older than one year is shown conjunctivitis and blepharitis, difficult to treat. There has been an increase in the tonsils, adenoids formation. Also, there are characteristic changes in the blood, in particular, hypoproteinemia, dyslipidemia. It is worth noting that all of these symptoms occur in waves. Provoke them can and violations in the diet, and stress, and diseases occurring in parallel. The manifestations of exudative-catarrhal diathesis usually disappear in 2-3 years, but there are cases of asthma, eczema and others.
Pediatrician necessarily draws attention to the course of pregnancy, diet mother, she had the presence of any chronic disease such as diabetes. Exudative-catarrhal diathesis occurs more frequently in children with specific appearance, his features mentioned above. The diagnosis is confirmed on clinical grounds. Biochemical analysis of blood indicates a violation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, metabolic acidosis and an increase in the concentration of IgE.
The main role in therapy adherence plays a sound diet. This also applies to the mother, as one of the recommendations - is breast-feeding, because breast milk is less allergenic than any artificial mixtures. Excluded from the diet of milk, eggs, chocolate, fish and other products vysokoallergennye, limited digestible carbohydrates. Displaying a later introduction of complementary foods for the child, while becoming the first lure vegetables rather than cereal. If the baby is bottle-fed, recommended hypoallergenic blend (soy and hydrolyzed).
Another important element is the mode of therapy. Frequent exposure to fresh air soothes the symptoms of exudative-catarrhal diathesis. Showing medicinal baths with herbs, has a calming effect (chamomile, succession). For local therapy applies careful care of skin pathological elements (rash, erythema, diaper rash). As a rule, appointed zinc ointment. Perhaps the use of creams and ointments containing steroid hormones, such therapy courses held 7-10 days to avoid habituation and side effects. The therapy uses the system desensitizing drugs, according to testimony - antihistamines.
Prediction and prevention of exudative-catarrhal diathesis
Weather favorable. Most often there is a full recovery, the transition to chronic allergic disease occurs in 15-25% of cases. Primary prevention is performed prenatally and rational diet is the mother during pregnancy, especially if there is a genetic predisposition. After the birth of the child (secondary prevention) a specific role for the maximum duration of breastfeeding and complementary feeding management. Exception trigger factors in the child's first year of life often reduces the risk of developing exudative-catarrhal diathesis to a minimum. It helps keeping a food diary, which allows time to suspect an atypical reaction to certain foods.