Enhondroma - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Enhondroma - Benign tumor that consists of cartilage. Localized intraosseous, usually - in the diaphyseal area and metadiaphysis tubular bones. Most often it affects the small tubular bones of the hands and feet, can be both single and multiple. Usually asymptomatic, large enhondromy can cause deformation of the limb segment. Sometimes enhondroma complicated by pathological fracture. Degeneration of a malignant tumor is rare. The diagnosis is confirmed by means of X-ray, CT scan and biopsy. Treatment operative.

  • Pathogenesis enhondromy
  • Symptoms and Diagnosis enhondromy
  • Treatment enhondromy
  • Ollier disease
  • Enhondroma - treatment

  • Enhondroma


    chondroma, but differ from them a large ordered structures. Despite the slow growth and low propensity to malignancy, enhondromy regarded as potentially malignant tumors, so oncologists and trauma usually recommend their surgical removal.

    rickets, traumatic lesions and inflammatory processes in the bone tissue.

    Swelling is the mature hyaline cartilage is lost from the structure. Unlike normal cartilage cells enhondromy arranged randomly, their size and shape can vary significantly. The tumor is covered with perichondrium and has a lobed structure. Inside are usually formed small pockets ossification. Characterized by degenerative changes in the tissue that appear liquefaction intercellular substance and the formation of cysts. When malignancy of the tumor cells become larger, increasing the number of cells with two nuclei.

    "A favorite" localization enhondrom - short tubular bones of the feet and hands. It is also possible defeat humerus and femur. In the other long bones single enhondromy rare. Sometimes it affects the flat bones: Pelvis, scapula, etc. When multiple chondromatosis (Ollier's disease), tumors can be detected in one half of the body (right or left) or in one limb. Less common pathological process extends to both lower extremities.

    arthralgia, limitation of movement, and synovitis.

    Cartilage tissue is not as thick and sturdy as a bone. It is not suited to high static and dynamic loads. If enhondroma occupies the entire width of bone or a significant part of bone strength at this point is sharply reduced. In such circumstances, even a small injury becomes enough for the occurrence of fracture. Fractures are accompanied by pain, abnormal mobility, crepitation and limb deformity. Unlike conventional fracture data intensive traumatic effects of a history of missing.

    Diagnosis enhondrom usually uncomplicated. X-rays of long bones revealed a centrally located cloud-enlightenment. The illumination area may show darker areas - foci of calcification. Tumors in the short tubular bones usually appear uniform and occupy a large part of the cross section or the entire diameter of the bone. The cortical layer is not disturbed. On CT bone is determined a similar pattern, the advantage of CT is the ability to consider in more detail the structure of enhondromy.

    If you suspect a malignancy of the tumor biopsy is performed. About malignancy indicate increased cartilage cells round or irregular shape and the presence of a large number of multi-core cell. To improve the reliability of the diagnostic biopsy specimens always produce a few areas, as in the initial stages of malignant transformation of normal cells in the area enhondrome alternate with zones of degeneration. The differential diagnosis is carried out enhondromy with giant cell tumor of bone, fibrous dysplasia, bone cyst and chondrosarcoma.

    traumatology and orthopedics patients usually offer to remove the tumor immediately after diagnosis.

    Growing enhondromy short tubular bones were dissected within healthy tissues. In the formation of large defects using homo- or allografts. When tumors of flat and long bones must be extended surgery - segmental resection of bone followed by the replacement of the defect. Recurrent enhondromy deserve special attention because of the high probability of malignancy. In such cases, conducted ablastics (advanced) resection.

    hemangiomas (maffucci syndrome), at least - with fibroma, lipoma, cartilaginous exostoses and other tumors which have arisen as a result of violations of ontogeny.

    The disease manifests itself lagging growth and deformation of the affected segments. pathological fractures often occur. X-rays of long bones revealed flask-shaped metaphyses increase at unchanged diaphysis. Normal bone pattern in the metaphyseal area is absent, instead defined unevenly striated enlightenment. The cortical layer is thinned. On the X-ray of hands and feet visible shortening and deformation of the phalanges. Enlightenment localized in the central parts, cortex, as a rule, is not changed, there is a swelling of the cortical plate at enhondromah large.

    If you suspect a disease Ollier spend an extended X-ray examination that includes x-rays of all the segments, which can be formed enhondromy. At present there is no method that can eliminate the symptoms of the disease during the child's growth. When removing the modified areas quickly relapses occur. deformity correction is ineffective due to defective bone structure. Therefore recommend children wearing orthopedic shoes and carry out regular inspections. On completion of skeletal growth perform resection with lesions followed by displacement defects. To eliminate the strain applied the Ilizarov apparatus.