Fetal pneumonia - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Fetal pneumonia - Inflammation of the lung tissue, which arose antenatally, accompanied by the development of clinical manifestations in the first 72 hours of life. Manifested severe respiratory failure phenomena respiratory distress syndrome, intoxication, neurological disorders due to brain edema and others. Fetal pneumonia, diagnosed radiologically, laboratory tests can detect a particular pathogen. Shown causal treatment (antibiotics, antivirals, and others.), Oxygen therapy, correction of multiple organ failure symptoms.

  • Causes of intrauterine pneumonia
  • Classification of intrauterine pneumonia
  • Symptoms of intrauterine pneumonia
  • Diagnosis of fetal pneumonia
  • Treatment of intrauterine pneumonia
  • Fetal pneumonia - Treatment

  • Fetal pneumonia


    pneumonia - one of the most common abnormalities in the structure of intrauterine infections. About 30% of all fetal pneumonia occurs in the form of localized forms, in other cases, pneumonia in newborns occurs within a generalized intrauterine infection. Currently, intrauterine pneumonia continues to be a danger. The average incidence rate - about 2 cases per 1000 live births, as the disease accounts for 80-90% of infant mortality. A special focus is on prenatal pneumonia caused by opportunistic flora. Firstly, opportunistic microorganisms usually neglected. Second, they often remain resistant to therapy.

    Fetal pneumonia remains an urgent problem of modern pediatrics. Even being successfully cured, the disease is a serious blow for children's immunity. Subsequently, any cold can easily be complicated by pneumonia. If the diagnosis was delayed, a high risk of complications, life-threatening (pleural effusion, sepsis, and others.). Often children who underwent intrauterine pneumonia develops in the pleura adhesions, which leads to chronic respiratory failure with imminent disabilities.

    influenza and others. Fungal etiology associated with fungi of the genus Candida. A special role is played by STI, which can also be the cause of the disease. It also occurs congenital syphilitic pneumonia.

    In addition to the causes of the disease, there are many risk factors that contribute to the development of intrauterine pneumonia. Separately isolated risk factors from the mother and from the fetus. For obstetrical and gynecological pathology, increases the likelihood of developing the disease include abortion and miscarriages in the history of women, birth pathology, gestational toxicosis and chronic pelvic diseases, including due to the widespread use of intrauterine contraceptive devices. Risk factors related to fetal prematurity and low weight at birth, inflammation in the placenta and fetoplacental insufficiency.

    There are two ways of fetal infection - hematogenous and ascending. The first of these involves the presence of the mother infection of internal genital organs, usually of bacterial origin. Hematogenous route of infection - is transplacental penetration of the pathogen through the umbilical vein into the bloodstream of the fetus, which is characteristic to a greater extent to intrauterine viral pneumonia. Regardless of infection gate microorganism enters the fetal blood, and thence reaches the lung tissue. As in the womb the baby does not breathe air, the infectious agent remains in the tissues of asymptomatic until delivery. From the first breath, blood circulation in the lungs increases dramatically. This moment is the trigger, and intrauterine pneumonia begins to manifest itself clinically.

    pneumothorax, atelectasis, lung abscess, and extrapulmonary complications, the main ones are meningitis, heart failure and sepsis shells. Separately distinguish 3 degrees of respiratory failure.

    pediatrician diagnose tachycardia, diminished breath and wheezing in the lungs. Characterized apnea attacks. hyperthermia level depends on the degree of severity in preterm infants may experience low body temperature.

    lung complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary atelectasis, respiratory distress syndrome, lung abscesses, septicemia often develop. Fetal pneumonia is rare as a localized disease. In this regard, there are always other extrapulmonary symptoms of intrauterine infections: the nervous, cardiovascular, digestive system, hearing and sight. In preterm infants the disease is more severe, the likelihood of complications is always higher.

    Neurological symptoms presented tilting the head backward, increase or decrease in muscle tone. Among the complications - meningitis, which is especially common in fetal mycoplasma pneumonia. Neurological disorders are associated primarily with the swelling of the meninges, which is caused by respiratory failure. Approximately half of the affected children are diagnosed gastrointestinal disorders, in particular shearing and retching, flatulence, intestinal paresis. Thus, in intrauterine pneumonia speech is often a question of multiple organ failure, the main causes of which - the generalization of infection and general poor circulation.

    X-ray light during the first three days.

    Laboratory diagnosis of intrauterine pneumonia include general and biochemical blood tests, throat swab for flora, microbiological examination of the tracheobronchial aspirate analysis of discharge from the nasal cavity. Blood test reveals signs of inflammation, anemia of varying degrees, hyperbilirubinemia, and others. Be sure to take place serology (ELISA diagnostics) for the detection of different classes of antibodies to specific pathogens. With regard to the diagnosis of intrauterine viral pneumonia efficient PCR method. It is necessary to identify the primary site of infection in the mother.

    rubella, toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, and others.). List of antibiotics is limited by age, use of medications contraindicated aminoglycoside series.

    Premature babies necessarily surfactant administration, contributing to the development of lung tissue and alveolar straightened sleeping. Remediation of the tracheobronchial tree is carried out almost all children, the frequency is governed by the weight of the state. Conducted dehydration event, detoxification saline, correction of acidosis, anemia, bleeding disorders, symptomatic therapy. Red blood cell transfusions performed if indicated. At the end of the acute phase of intrauterine pneumonia shows physiotherapy.

    Prediction and prevention of intrauterine pneumonia



    Prediction of fetal pneumonia is determined by a specific nosology and severity of the condition. The disease has been and remains one of the main causes of child mortality. More suitable for notes with intrauterine pneumonia staphylococcal etiology (except for Staphylococcus aureus) and viral origin. The frequency of death is higher in the case of infection with enterococci, E. coli, Mycoplasma, Staphylococcus aureus; especially dangerous bacterial and viral associations. Also mortality increases in case of complications, such as sepsis.

    Primary prevention of intrauterine pneumonia is reduced to identify possible risk factors for the disease in pregnant women. This will ensure a high vigilance and readiness of medical personnel to the resuscitation immediately in the delivery room. The need for timely diagnosis of intrauterine infections, since many of them clinic includes lung disease as intrauterine pneumonia. All children who have had the disease in the newborn period, a second pneumonia prevention: vitamin therapy, massage, gymnastics, etc.
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