Dislocation of the feet - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Sprains of the foot account for about 2% of the total number of dislocations, in almost all cases accompanied by damage to the ligaments and often - fractures of the foot. Sprains of the foot include: dislocation of the ankle, subtalar dislocation, dislocation of the tarsal bones, metatarsals and phalanges. Like other sites sprains, dislocations of the foot accompanied by pain, swelling and deformation in dislocation. When the diagnosis of dislocation of the foot produces its reduction, a plaster splint is applied, after removing a prescribed physiotherapy, foot massage and physical therapy.
Dislocation foot
dislocations, in almost all cases accompanied by damage to the ligaments and often - fractures of the foot.
traumatology distinguish the following types of dislocations of the foot:
sprains ankle is always accompanied by severe damage to its ligamentous apparatus and broken ankles. Less dislocation of the foot combined with other intra-articular fractures.
The foot may be sprained outside, inside, back, forward or upward.
Outdoor foot sprain occurs when exposing to the outside of the foot and to the side, accompanied by a fracture of the outer ankle.
If the patient tucks the foot inwards, possible internal dislocation of the foot, combined with a fracture of the internal malleolus.
The cause of posterior dislocation of the foot usually becomes rapid forcible flexion of the foot in the direction of the sole, or a strong blow to the front shin.
Anterior dislocation of the foot may occur when the bounce back of the tibia or the sudden forced flexion of the foot in the back side.
Dislocation of the feet up is extremely rare, usually occurs as a result of falling from a height.
A patient with a dislocated foot bothers sharp pain in the ankle joint. When the external examination revealed marked edema, cyanosis, bruising and strain in the ankle. Movement in the joint and the support legs can not.
To clarify the diagnosis and detection of related damage bone structures perform radiography in two projections.
Sprains of the foot, accompanied by damage to bone and ligaments are among the heavy damage. A normal joint function is only possible with the maximum exact restoring normal interposition of fragments.
reposition success with dislocation of the foot is determined by a number of conditions: a thorough examination of the features of dislocation and displacement of fragments, adequate anesthesia, trauma and correct sequence of actions with the reposition of the foot.
Straightening fresh dislocation of the foot general anesthesia, local anesthesia and conduction anesthesia. Muscle relaxants are used if necessary.
After reposition of the joint is fixed plaster splint and make an X-ray control. Damage to the ankle joint are accompanied by severe soft tissue swelling, so solid (circular) patch immediately after reduction is imposed. Gypsum strengthen after decay edema (usually - on the fifth day after reduction).
immobilization period determined by the severity of accompanying injuries, ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. After removing the bandage is required to appoint gymnastics and physiotherapy: thermotherapy, diadynamic therapy, therapeutic foot baths, etc.
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Stepping on broken leg after reduction of dislocation of the foot can not in any case - even the hardest cast unable to keep the damaged bone of the foot in place with a load equal to the weight of the human body.
The consequence of early loading can be re-displacement and in the long term - a sharp restriction of mobility in the joint, constant pain and the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
Subtalar dislocation of the foot
It occurs very rarely. It appears as a result of exposing the sharp foot. It is accompanied by torn ligaments, severe pain, swelling, deformity of the foot. To clarify the diagnosis and exclusion of concomitant fractures perform radiography.
Straightening subtalar dislocation of the foot is performed under general anesthesia or conduction anesthesia. Then impose a plaster splint for a period of 5-6 weeks. Subsequently, the patient is prescribed physiotherapy, physiotherapy exercises and recommend within a year after the injury to wear orthopedic shoes.
Dislocation of the tarsal bones
It occurs very rarely. It arises as a result of the sharp turn of foot. It is accompanied by pain, swelling, deformity of the foot. Perhaps poor circulation in the distal foot.
Reduction is performed under general anesthesia or conduction anesthesia. Then impose a plaster splint for a period of 8 weeks. In the following prescribed physiotherapy, exercise therapy, it is recommended for one year after the injury to wear insoles or orthopedic shoes.
Dislocation metatarsals
Rarely. It may be full (offset all metatarsals) or incomplete (offset of the metatarsals). It is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, shortening and extension of the foot.Reduction is performed under local or general anesthesia. Then impose a plaster splint for up to 8 weeks. Later it shows therapeutic exercises, physiotherapy, wearing arch support or orthopedic shoes for a year.
Dislocations phalanges
fingers.There is not often. Usually result from a direct blow to the forefoot or toes. Accompanied by pain, swelling, deformity.
Reduce a finger under local anesthesia. Then impose a plaster splint for 2 weeks. In the following prescribed physiotherapy and exercise therapy.