Bacterial vaginosis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Gardnerellez - Vaginal bacteria overgrowth associated with rapid quantitative and qualitative disturbance of the normal vaginal microflora, reducing the number of lactobacilli and multiplication of opportunistic pathogens, incl gardnerelly It characterized by the appearance of abundant vaginal discharge gray shade with an unpleasant odor. Untreated bacterial vaginosis increase risk of inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive organs and pregnancy loss.
Gardnerellez
bacterial vaginosis, t. e. an imbalance in the composition of the natural microflora of the female genital organs. Bacterial vaginosis occurs in 20% of women of reproductive age. Lactic acid microflora normally prevailing in the vagina in bacterial vaginosis supplanted by opportunistic species, the leader among which is gardnerella. Way gardnerelleza transmission - sexual, gardnerella often diagnosed in women in active sexual life. Men usually act as carriers of infections, therefore, to prevent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis, it is necessary to carry out the simultaneous treatment of sexual partners.
Bacterial vaginosis in the form of running can cause the development of inflammation of the urinary tract, the uterus and appendages, infertility, complications during pregnancy and childbirth. If bacterial vaginosis is often marked by a mixed infection with other microorganisms: gonococci, trichomonas, mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Candida, etc.
intrauterine devices, after a month, interruption of pregnancy and childbirth can be complicated by bacterial vaginosis endometritis, an inflammation of the uterus. Gardnerellez adversely affects pregnancy: more common prematurity, weakened children are born, prematurely, perhaps infection of the fetus during labor.
Availability gardnerellas in the urogenital tract of men, in most cases, does not manifest itself, sometimes causes flaccid inflammation with symptoms of urethritis. Then may appear small discharge from the urethra (sero-purulent, gray color with a "fishy" odor), discomfort during urination. Possible complications in the form of prostatitis, an inflammation of the testicles and appendages, infertility.
venereal diseases;
The internal factors that cause bacterial vaginosis include:
anaerobic bacteria (mobiluncus, Bacteroides, Gardnerella and others.), genital mycoplasmas, Trichomonas, candida. The sharp increase in the number of microorganisms violates the microbiological equilibrium, there is a vaginal dysbiosis or bacterial vaginosis. It is characterized by a decrease in the number of Doderlyayna microflora (lactobacilli) and the prevalence of opportunistic species. Most often in women with bacterial vaginosis show vaginal Gardnerella, which is the main, though not the only cause of these disorders. Therefore condition called bacterial vaginosis bacterial vaginosis.
Also gardnerellas increases the number of other bacteria (coccal species, Trichomonas, Mycoplasma, mobiluncus, yeast-like fungi). Gardnerelly role in the development of bacterial vaginosis is that it creates a favorable environment for the reproduction of pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms. Basified vaginal environment, gardnerellas metabolic products arising aggravate mucosal disorders, there is a basis for the penetration of other infections. Therefore, bacterial vaginosis contributes to the development of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in women.
consulting gynecologist at women take smears from the vagina. In the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis importance it is not so much the presence of gardnerellas as the number and proportion of microorganisms in the composition of the vaginal secretion. Gardnerella present in the vaginal flora of most healthy women without the development of dysbiosis. "Bacterial vaginosis" Diagnosis is based on:
"The key cells" - epithelial cells, plastered with small sticks (gardnerellami) - an important sign of bacterial vaginosis;
In bacterial vaginosis, throughout his life, Gardnerella and anaerobic microorganisms are formed volatile amines (putrescine, triethylamine, cadaverine) that the decay give an unpleasant "fishy" odor. The reason for setting the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis is the detection of at least three of these criteria. You must also be examined for the presence of intestinal dysbiosis, which can provoke the development of bacterial vaginosis, and have his treatment. This will reduce the risk of recurrence of bacterial vaginosis.
treatment. Methods of treatment that uses modern gynecology, allow to achieve the patient's recovery and avoid complications, but does not guarantee the absence of recurrence of the disease in the future. Therapeutic treatment of bacterial vaginosis should eliminate the causes and manifestations of the disease and to create conditions for the normalization of microflora of genitals.
In the first stage of treatment with medication Gardnerella women clindamycin and metronidazole (oral and intravaginal): clindamycin phosphate - capsules and vaginal cream (2%); Metronidazole - tablets and gel (075%). To prevent the development of vaginal candidiasis in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, appoint klotrimoksazol (cream). In the conduct of pregnancy in women suffering gardnerellezom, treatment begins in the second trimester of pregnancy are the same medications (oral and topical prescribed by a doctor). In the first trimester of metronidazole and clindamycin oral application inadmissible.
bacterial vaginosis treatment is carried out under the supervision of the clinical and laboratory tests and is considered ended with the disappearance of complaints, symptoms, and normalization of laboratory criteria. During the treatment of bacterial vaginosis you must avoid sexual intercourse without a condom, to refuse alcoholic drinks, do not use the gasket to "each" day, close synthetic underwear. The second stage of the treatment of bacterial vaginosis includes the use of interior and local preparations containing lactose and bifidumbacteria, vitamins, immunostimulants.
The need for examination and treatment of men - sexual partners of women with gardnerellezom, remains debatable. Recurrences of bacterial vaginosis in women may occur after treatment of both sexual partners. Still, it is advisable for persistent and recurrent cases of bacterial vaginosis treatment is carried out and the representatives of the stronger sex.
Prevention of bacterial vaginosis
To avoid the development of bacterial vaginosis and recurrence prevention measures will help to address the causes of bacterial vaginosis. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and the risk of the consequences of not only require immediate treatment of disease, but also its regular household and medical prevention. Women are recommended: