Helminthiases in children - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment
Helminthiases have children. - A group of parasitic diseases caused by different kinds of worms, parasites in the body of the child. The flow of helminth infections in children is characterized by the development of cutaneous, abdominal, pulmonary, edema, intoxication, astenoneurotic syndromes. Diagnosis of helminth infections in children is carried out by the laboratory (feces analysis on helminth eggs, scraping on enterobiosis, serology). For the treatment of helminth infections in children are assigned anthelmintic drugs for the type of parasite phase of the disease, duration of infection, the child's age.
Helminthiases children
Helminthiases children may masquerade as a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases, causing diagnostic difficulties, burdening the already existing pathology and perpetuating childhood. Vaccinated children suffering from worm infections, there is a decrease in post-vaccination antibody titers by 2-3 times compared with children without parasitic infestation, and consequently - insufficient level of specific immunity and increased susceptibility to various infections. In pediatric prevention and diagnosis of the problem of helminth infections has great medical and social importance in children.
enterobiosis, hymenolepiasis) - characterized by the release of invasive parasites (infectious) eggs, which through contaminated hands and household items into the body of the child;
On localization of parasites in the body are the following types of helminth infections in children: intestinal (ascariasis, enterobiosis, strongyloidiasis, beef tapeworm infection, trichocephalosis), pulmonary (tominksoz, Paragonimiasis), fabric (trichinellosis, toxocariasis, schistosomiasis, filariasis) and helminthiases hepatobiliary tract (clonorchiasis, opistorhoz , fascioliasis).
With regard to the type of pathogens helminth infections in children are divided into the following types:
secondary immunodeficiencies. Some helminth infections increase the risk of tumors in children: cholangioma (clonorchiasis, opistorhoz), bladder or bowel cancer papillomatosis (schistosomiasis).
hives, fever, lymphadenitis, arthralgia and myalgia. May develop pulmonary syndrome, accompanied by a long dry cough with an asthmatic component, shortness of breath, chest pain; ascariasis is sometimes eosinophilic pleurisy and hemoptysis. Edematous syndrome (with trichinosis, trihotsefaleze) may include local or generalized edema, in t. Ch. Angioedema in children.
Typical for the acute phase of helminth infections in children is abdominal syndrome characterized by bloating, unstable stool (constipation, diarrhea), nausea, regurgitation, and so on. N. Abdominal pain may be "volatile" nature, or be persistent, strong, simulating hospital acute abdomen. intoxication syndrome and astenonevroticheskih disorders include low-grade fever irrational, weakness, sleep disorders, bruxism, irritability, convulsions.
Chronic helminth infections in children is accompanied by lethargy, loss of performance and efficiency, poor appetite, weight loss, anemia, and so on. D. A number of chronic skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, seborrhea, acne, brittle nails), the pathology of the respiratory tract ( rhinitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, asthma) and genitals (recurrent vulvitis in girls) may also be a consequence of helminth infections in children. Children suffering from helminth, belong to the category of sickly; they often occur recurrent acute respiratory viral infections, stomatitis, gingivitis, pustular skin diseases.
ileus, jaundice, pancreatitis. Complications enterobiosis children usually are pyoderma, eczema perianal region, vulvovaginitis, urinary incontinence, appendicitis.
Toksokaroz characterized migration in the human body and tissue invasion helminth larvae, with the defeat of the respiratory tract can cause acute lung failure, and when it affects the eyes - a unilateral decrease in visual acuity or strabismus. Current trichinosis may be complicated by perforation of the intestine wall, meningoencephalitis, hepatitis.
When opistorhoze noted liver and biliary tract; in the chronic phase of developing gastro, cholecystitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis.
pediatrician, children's infectious diseases, pediatric pulmonology, pediatric gastroenterologist, a children's allergist-immunologist, dermatologist children's, children's surgeon and others. Therefore, children with chronic dermatoses, gastroenterological disorders, broncho-pulmonary diseases, allergic reactions must necessarily be examined for helminth infections.
In the acute phase of helminth infections in children are marked changes in the blood: eosinophilia, increased biochemical liver tests (ALT and AST, bilirubin, thymol, alkaline phosphatase). In the early stages can be informative serological methods: REEF, IFA, IHA, RSK, etc.
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Biological material for the detection of pathogens of helminth infections in children may be blood, feces, bile, phlegm, scraping /smear perianal area. The most often to diagnose various forms of helminth infections in children conducted a study on fecal helminth eggs, histological coprogram. performed on enterobiosis scraping with perianal folds To detect pinworm eggs.
When echinococcosis important diagnostic value are instrumental techniques (radiography, ultrasound, CT, MRI, endoscopy in children), revealing the liver cyst, lung, brain, and others. Organs. When trichinosis performed a skin biopsy and muscles in order to detect the parasite larvae. When necessary to carry out opistorhoze duodenal intubation with research content 12 duodenal ulcer.
For the diagnosis of helminth infections allergic skin tests can be used in children.
Diphyllobothriasis, teniidoze etc. For successful de-worming of children must be simultaneous prolechivanie all members of the family or community; hygiene regime for the prevention of re-infestation. After the main course of therapy is usually performed helminthiasis re-treatment of a child 10-14 years.
For treatment of allergic manifestations accompanying during helminth infections in children are assigned to antihistamines. In the presence of intoxication syndrome performed oral or infusion detoxification. Severe forms of helminth infections in children, occurring with symptoms of vasculitis, arachnoiditis, myocarditis, serve as the basis for the appointment of glucocorticosteroids.
Prevention of helminth infections in children
Primary prevention of all types of helminth infections includes the formation of children hygiene practices, the use of boiled water and the products have passed a sufficient heat treatment, thorough hand washing fruits and vegetables.
To prevent the spread of helminthiasis within the team, requires isolation of the sick child, the use of personal hygiene products and dishes, deworming and vaccination of pets. The specific pharmacological prevention of helminth infections are recommended for children and adults twice a year (fall and spring) drugs with a wide spectrum of activity against helminths (eg, albendazole).